The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) recently issued a nationwide warning on intense heat conditions across several states in the country as global weather patterns continue to change.
At the moment, several states are already facing or are at risk of severe heat cases, with experts warning that these could lead to either heat stress or heat strokes if proper care is not taken.
Benue, Nasarawa, the Federal Capital Territory, Kogi, Niger, Kebbi, Cross River, Oyo, Ogun, and other inland areas of the southern states are among the areas currently experiencing the kind of heat that goes beyond discomfort.
Extreme heat is more than just discomfort, it can pose real health risks if proper care is not taken, experts say.
Here are five things to know about heat strokes.
What does heat stroke means
Heat stroke is a condition caused by the body overheating according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
This usually happens because of exposure to high temperatures or physical activity in high temperatures for too long. There are a few stages of heat injury, and heat stroke is the most serious.
It can happen if body temperature rises to 104°F (40°C) or higher. Heat stroke is most common prior to the onset of the rainy season.
It happens when the body overheats and can no longer control its temperature.
Who does it affect
Anyone can get heat stroke, both children, the elderly, outdoor workers, athletes, and people who stay under the sun for long periods are at the highest risk.
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Signs and symptoms
Heat stroke is marked by a dangerously high body temperature of 104°F (40°C) or higher, often accompanied by confusion, agitation, slurred speech, seizures, or even coma as the brain becomes affected.
Other symptoms include hot or flushed skin, nausea, vomiting, headache, rapid breathing, and a racing heart rate.
Sweating patterns may also change, the skin can feel hot and dry in classic heat stroke or very sweaty when caused by intense physical activity.
Effects
According to Mayo Clinic, heat stroke can cause damage to the brain, heart, kidneys, and muscles, and if treatment is delayed, it can be fatal.
How to avoid
According to experts, drinking plenty of water throughout the day and avoid staying under the hot sun for long periods, especially between 12 pm and 4 pm, can help reduce heat strokes.
In addition, wearing light, loose clothing and using hats, umbrellas, or shade when outdoors are very important.
“Take regular breaks if working or exercising outside,” Yonni Johnson, a Nigerian medical doctor advised.
“Also, keeping children well hydrated and indoors during peak heat could help protect them from heat strokes,” he added.
Eating light meals and fruits with high water content, such as watermelon and oranges, and staying in cool, well-ventilated places whenever possible are necessary steps to preventing heat strokes, according to experts.
