Recent reports by the World Health Organisation (WHO) have drawn attention to hantavirus after a cluster of severe respiratory illnesses aboard a cruise ship led to seven cases and three deaths as of early May 2026.
The cases were linked to passengers who had travelled through South America before boarding, raising concerns about cross-border transmission and delayed detection, the report stated.
The killer virus has been in existence, with recorded incidences of deaths. In the United States, for instance, surveillance data from the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reveal that 890 confirmed hantavirus cases were recorded between 1993 and the end of 2023.
Though relatively rare, the virus is known for its high fatality rate once severe symptoms develop, making vigilance critical.
Here are five things to note about hantavirus.
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The causative agent
According to the CDC, hantaviruses are a family of viruses primarily carried by rodents such as rats and mice. Humans become infected through contact with rodent urine, droppings, or saliva. Inhalation of contaminated particles is the most common route, while bites or scratches are rare but possible sources of transmission.
Two major types of illnesses
Hantavirus infections present mainly in two forms. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), which affects the lungs and is more common in the United States. The disease also presents as a haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome affecting the kidneys and is mostly seen in Europe and Asia.
Signs and Symptoms
Early symptoms often resemble common viral illnesses, including fever, fatigue, and muscle aches, according to the WHO.
As the disease progresses, patients may develop headaches, dizziness, chills, and abdominal issues. In severe cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, breathing difficulties can rapidly worsen.
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome may lead to kidney failure, blurred vision, and intense pain.
Treatment
The CDC notes that there is currently no targeted antiviral treatment for hantavirus. Medical care focuses on managing symptoms.
Severe respiratory cases may require oxygen support or intubation, while patients with kidney complications may need dialysis. Early hospital care improves survival chances significantly.
Prevention tips
The World Health Organization notes that the most effective protection is minimising contact with rodents. Sealing entry points in homes, maintaining clean environments, storing food properly, and using traps can reduce infestation risks.
Avoiding exposure to rodent waste, especially in enclosed or poorly ventilated spaces, is essential in preventing infection.
Although hantavirus outbreaks remain uncommon, the recent cruise ship incident underscores how quickly isolated cases can turn fatal. Public awareness and basic preventive measures remain the first line of defence.
